Applied Physics - ll

Course Objectives:

• 1: To learn about the quantum nature of reality.
• 2: To learn about quantum statistics and its significance.
• 3: To understand the structures of crystals.
• 4: To learn about the band theory of solids and properties and characteristics of diodes.

Course Outcomes (CO):

• CO1 Understand and appreciate the quantum nature of reality.
• CO2 Understand quantum statistics and its significance.
• CO3 Understand Crystalline Structure.
• CO4 Understand the band theory of solids and properties and characteristics of diodes.

Unit I

Quantum Mechanics: Introduction: Wave particle duality, de Broglie waves, the experiment of Davisson and Germer, electron diffraction, physical interpretation of the wave function, properties, the wave packet, group and phase velocity, the uncertainty principle . The Schrödinger wave equation (1D), Eigen values and Eigen functions, expectation values, simple Eigen value problems – solutions of the Schrödinger’s equations for the free particle, the infinite well, the finite well, tunneling effect, the scanning electron microscope, the quantum simple harmonic oscillator (qualitative), zero point energy. 

Unit II

Quantum Statistics: The need for statistics , statistical distributions: Maxwell Boltzmann, BoseEinstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, their comparisons, Fermions and Bosons, Applications of quantum statistics: 1. Molecular speed and energies in an ideal gas; 2. The Black body spectrum, the failure of classical statistics to give the correct explanations – Bose-Einstein statistics applied to the Black Body radiation spectrum; Fermi-Dirac distribution, free electron theory, electronic specific heats, Fermi energy and average energy; Dying stars. 

Unit III

Crystal Structure: Types of solids, Unit cell, Types of crystals, Translation vectors, Lattice planes, Miller indices, Simple crystal structures, Interplaner spacing, Crystal structure analysis: Bragg’s law, Laue method, Point defects: Schottcky and Frankel defects. 

Unit IV

Band Theory of Solids: Origin of energy bands in solids, motion of electrons in a periodic potential – the Kronig–Penny model (Qualitative). Brillouin zones, effective mass, metals, semi-conductors and insulators and their energy band structures. Extrinsic and Intrinsic semiconductors, doping – Fermi

energy for doped and undoped semiconductors, the p-n junction (energy band diagrams with Fermi energy), the unbiased diode, forward and reverse biased diodes – tunnel diodes, zener diode, photo diode its characteristics, LED 

Textbooks:

• Concepts of Modern Physics (SIE)by Arthur Beiser, Shobhit Mahajan, and S. Rai Choudhury, McGraw – Hill, 2017.
• Modern Physics by Kenneth S. Krane, Wiley, 2020.

References:

• Physics for Scientists and Engineers by Raymond A. Serway and John W. Jewett, 9th  Edition , Cengage, 2017
• Principles of Physics by Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker and David Halliday, Wiley, 2015.
• Solid State Electronic Devices ,by Streetman and Ben G Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited; 2006