Assignment 1- Programming in java

 

1. Explain the key differences between Java and other programming languages like C and C++. Why is Java considered platform-independent? 
2. Discuss the role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in achieving Java's "write once, run anywhere" promise. 
3. Describe the main advantages of Java’s automatic memory management system, particularly focusing on its garbage collection mechanism. 
4. How does Java handle exception handling and what benefits does it bring to large-scale software systems? 
5. Describe the process of compiling and executing a Java program from source code to bytecode. What are the roles of the Java compiler and Java interpreter during this process? 
6. How does Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation improve Java program execution? What role does the JVM play in this process? 
7. Describe the internal architecture of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). How does each part of the JVM contribute to its overall function? 
8. Differentiate between the Java Stack and Heap. How are they managed during the execution of a Java program, and what is stored in each of them? 
9. Discuss the security promises of the JVM. How does the JVM protect Java applications from various types of vulnerabilities? 
10. What is the "sandbox model" in Java? How does it allow for safe execution of potentially untrusted code? 
11. Explain the concept of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and how Java implements OOP principles. Provide examples to illustrate inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction. 
12. Discuss the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM. What role does each play in the development and execution of Java applications? 
13. Describe the difference between primitive data types and reference data types in Java. How does memory allocation differ for both types? 
14. Explain the concept of "type casting" in Java. What are the differences between implicit and explicit casting? Provide examples of both. 
15. Explain the purpose of wrapper classes in Java. How do they relate to the primitive data types, and what advantages do they offer? 
16. How does Java’s autoboxing and unboxing mechanism work? Illustrate with examples of converting a primitive type to its wrapper class and vice versa. 
17. Compare and contrast the wrapper classes for different primitive data types, such as Integer, Double, and Character. Discuss their functionalities and usage scenarios. 
18. What is the difference between an array and an ArrayList in Java? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. 
19. Explain how multidimensional arrays are declared and initialized in Java. Provide an example that demonstrates how to access elements in a 2D array. 
20. Explain the difference between the pre-increment and post-increment operators in Java. How do they affect the outcome of expressions? 
21. Describe how Java’s logical operators (&&, ||, !) work in terms of short-circuiting. How does this behavior improve performance in conditional expressions? 
22. Discuss the different types of control flow statements in Java, including if, switch, for, while, and do-while. When would each be most appropriate to use? 
23. Explain the difference between break and continue statements in Java. Provide examples of how each is used to alter the flow of control in loops. 
24. What is the difference between a class and an instance of a class in Java? How are objects created from classes, and what is the role of constructors? 
25. Discuss the concept of the default constructor in Java. What happens if no constructor is explicitly defined in a class? 
26. Explain the purpose of class member modifiers (public, private, protected, default) in Java. How do they affect access to class members from other classes? 
27. What is the difference between the final keyword applied to a class, method, and variable? Provide examples of how each can be used in Java. 
28. Explain the concept of an anonymous inner class in Java. How does it differ from a named inner class, and when would you use an anonymous inner class? 
29. Provide an example of an anonymous inner class used in Java to implement an interface or extend a class. Discuss the benefits and limitations of using anonymous inner classes. 
30. Compare and contrast interfaces and abstract classes in Java. What are the key differences in terms of inheritance, method implementation, and flexibility? 
31. Can a Java interface have a constructor? Why or why not? Provide an example of how interfaces are used in Java and how they contribute to code flexibility. 
32. Explain how inheritance works in Java. What is the significance of the extends keyword? Discuss the super keyword and its role in inheritance. 
33. Discuss the concept of method overriding in Java. How does it differ from method overloading, and what are the rules and restrictions associated with overriding methods? 
34. What is the difference between the throw and throws clauses in Java exception handling? Provide examples of when each would be used. 
35. Describe how user-defined exceptions can be created in Java. Provide an example where a custom exception is used to handle specific application errors. 
36. Discuss the role of the StringBuffer class in Java. How does it differ from the String class in terms of mutability, performance, and use cases? 
37. Explain the methods provided by the StringBuffer class, such as append(), insert(), delete(), and reverse(). Provide examples demonstrating their usage. 
38. What is the StringTokenizer class in Java used for? How does it break a string into tokens, and what are its advantages and limitations compared to other approaches like regular expressions? 
39. Explain the concept of Java applets and their typical use cases. How do applets differ from regular Java applications, and what role do they play in the context of web development? 
40. Describe the life cycle of a Java applet. What methods are invoked during the applet’s initialization, execution, and termination? Provide code snippets to illustrate.